Ideas from 'The Case for Closure' by John Hawthorne [2005], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Contemporary Debates in Epistemology (2nd ed)' (ed/tr Steup/Turri/Sosa) [Wiley Blackwell 2014,978-0-470-67209-9]].

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11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 2. Common Sense Certainty

19553

Commitment to 'I have a hand' only makes sense in a context where it has been doubted

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / c. Knowledge closure

19551

How can we know the heavyweight implications of normal knowledge? Must we distort 'knowledge'?

19552

We wouldn't know the logical implications of our knowledge if small risks added up to big risks

19554

Denying closure is denying we know P when we know P and Q, which is absurd in simple cases